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This work has been made possible with thanks to a grant from VACMA, in partnership with Shetland Arts and Creative Scotland.

 

The project is proudly endorsed by the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, highlighting the intersection of environmental science and creative innovation—and the vital role artists can play in ocean stewardship.

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The Sea What Develops project is an exploration into sustainable analogue photography, using locally sourced seaweed from Shetland to create natural film developers. Rooted in environmental responsibility and traditional darkroom practices, this project aims to reduce reliance on chemical developers by harnessing the natural properties of marine materials.

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By systematically testing various species of seaweed with different types of photographic film, I am working to develop a comprehensive chart of eco-friendly developing techniques. This initiative not only deepens my creative practice but also contributes to the wider movement toward sustainable artmaking.

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Making film developers from seaweed is not a new concept. In fact, a significant amount of work has already been done in this area, alongside the creation of eco-friendly developers from many other organic materials. This is evident in the practices of many experimental photographers and communities such as AlternativePhotography.com and The Sustainable Darkroom.

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My intention is to build upon this existing knowledge to learn and develop my own practice, taking another step towards becoming a responsible practitioner while using locally sourced materials. I aim to bring this work together by creating reliable, easy-to-follow instructions for making and using seaweed developer, ensuring consistent, high-quality results every time.

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Image ©Tanya Riley 2025

At present, I’ve been using Serrated Wrack seaweed, sourced from both Sands of Sound in Lerwick and Minn Beach in Burra. I will also be testing Egg Wrack, Bladder Wrack and Kelp. Each time, I’ve only taken small amounts to ensure minimal impact on the local ecosystem.

 

Before collecting, I checked carefully to ensure there were no small sea creatures living within the harvested seaweed, such as tiny sea snails. The few that I did find, I gently returned to the seaweed I hadn’t touched.

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I am beginning my tests using two of the most affordable film brands, Fomapan and Kentmere. Part of my ethos in photography is to show people the most accessible, budget-friendly, and eco-conscious ways to engage with analogue photography, helping to ensure it does not become a thing of the past. I hope for analogue photography to continue long into the future, remaining open and achievable for all who wish to learn, experiment, and create.

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For both Fomapan and Kentmere films, I will be working to determine development times for 100, 200, and 400 ISO, as these are the most commonly used film speeds. Establishing clear, reliable times for these will make it easier for others to confidently use eco-friendly seaweed developers in their own analogue practice.

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Over time, I hope to expand this research by testing additional film brands such as Ilford and Kodak, as well as exploring other ISO speeds. This will allow me to build a broader, accessible knowledge base for those looking to embrace sustainable analogue photography without sacrificing quality or consistency in their results.

Serrated Wrack Seaweed, ©Chris G Smith Photography

Image ©Chris G Smith Photography 2025

I recently received some fresh Furbellows Kelp to experiment with. This particular species isn't typically easy to access, but it was found biofouling the hydrophone lines as they were being retrieved from the water. I saw this as a great opportunity to test it and compare the results with those from shallower kelp species. Once both sets of tests are complete, I'll share the comparison images.

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© 2025 Chris G Smith

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